PCM based encapsulation in energy efficient buildings

Description

This study investigates the effect of Phase Change Materials (PCM based encapsulation) on the thermal performance of a building by comparing heat loads before and after PCM integration. PCMs store and release thermal energy during phase transitions, helping to regulate indoor temperatures and reduce cooling/heating demands. By embedding PCM capsules into building walls, this project evaluates their energy storage capacity and impact on peak load reduction.

The simulation considers a standard room with predefined dimensions, material properties, and heat sources. First, the thermal load is calculated without PCMs under varying external temperature conditions. Then, PCM capsules are embedded within the walls, and their phase transition behavior is analyzed. Key parameters such as energy storage capacity and liquid fraction (indicating the phase state of PCM) are monitored over time.

Methodology

This project employs transient heat transfer simulations with the following considerations:

• Baseline Load Calculation: The room’s thermal load is determined without PCM using conduction, convection, and  heat transfer models.
• PCM Implementation: PCM capsules are inserted into the walls, and their thermophysical properties (e.g., melting point, latent heat) are defined.
• Energy Storage Assessment: The heat absorption and release capacity of PCM are analyzed during charging (melting) and discharging (solidification) cycles.
• Liquid Fraction Calculation: The proportion of PCM in the liquid phase is tracked to determine its effectiveness in stabilizing indoor temperature.

Results

Simulations compare the thermal load before and after PCM integration, showing a reduction in peak cooling/heating demand. Energy storage capacity is quantified, demonstrating the PCM’s role in load shifting. The liquid fraction analysis reveals how efficiently the PCM transitions between phases, directly affecting heat regulation performance. The findings support the use of PCMs in building design for improved energy efficiency and indoor climate control.

The incorporation of PCM (Phase Change Material) capsules into the walls of a room led to a decrease in the average room temperature by 7.7°C compared to the scenario without PCM capsules. This result demonstrates the effectiveness of PCM capsules in improving thermal regulation within the room, as these materials are able to absorb and store heat during phase transitions, leading to reduced temperature fluctuations and enhanced thermal comfort. The findings highlight the potential of using PCM in building materials to optimize energy efficiency and create more thermally stable indoor environments.The graph of the average room temperature before and after placing PCM capsules inside the walls is shown below.